Hallazgos por imagen de lipoma pericárdico. Revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53903/01212095.144Palabras clave:
pericardio, lipoma, revision sistemática, corazón, informes de casos, imagen por resonancia magnética, tomografía computarizada por rayos XResumen
Introducción: El lipoma pericárdico es un tumor benigno infrecuente cuya presentación clínica es variada. Se revisaron los hallazgos por imagen descritos en la literatura en las modalidades de radiografía, ecocardiografía, tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) y resonancia magnética (RM). Metodología: Se identificaron reportes de caso, presentaciones en congreso y estudios observacionales de lipomas pericárdicos en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase y Cochrane hasta el 01 de junio de 2022. Resultados: El lipoma pericárdico se ha descrito proporcionalmente en hombres y mujeres, en promedio a los 51 años de edad. Por lo general, los pacientes no presentan comorbilidades y de presentarlas, corresponden a factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los síntomas más comunes son el dolor torácico y las palpitaciones. Hasta el 15 % de los casos son hallazgos incidentales en pacientes asintomáticos. Los métodos de imagen más frecuentemente descritos son la ecografía y la TAC, seguidos de la radiografía y la RM. Las descripciones incluyen masas ecogénicas, cardiomegalia, masas con densidad grasa menor a las 0 UH y por RM hiperintensas en T1 y T2 con saturación grasa y sin realce del medio de contraste. Un hallazgo frecuente es el derrame pericárdico. Conclusión: El rendimiento de las imágenes para el diagnóstico de lipomas pericárdicos no se ha calculado. Sin embargo, los hallazgos multimodales son altamente confiables para el diagnóstico no invasivo.
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